You can not select more than 25 topics
Topics must start with a letter or number, can include dashes ('-') and can be up to 35 characters long.
1137 lines
34 KiB
1137 lines
34 KiB
---
|
|
title: Mini-XML API Reference
|
|
author: Michael R Sweet
|
|
copyright: Copyright © 2003-2019, All Rights Reserved.
|
|
docversion: 3.0
|
|
...
|
|
|
|
# Introduction
|
|
|
|
Mini-XML is a small XML parsing library that you can use to read XML data files
|
|
or strings in your application without requiring large non-standard libraries.
|
|
Mini-XML provides the following functionality:
|
|
|
|
- Reading of UTF-8 and UTF-16 and writing of UTF-8 encoded XML files and
|
|
strings.
|
|
- Data is stored in a linked-list tree structure, preserving the XML data
|
|
hierarchy.
|
|
- SAX (streamed) reading of XML files and strings to minimize memory usage.
|
|
- Supports arbitrary element names, attributes, and attribute values with no
|
|
preset limits, just available memory.
|
|
- Supports integer, real, opaque ("cdata"), and text data types in "leaf"
|
|
nodes.
|
|
- Functions for creating and managing trees of data.
|
|
- "Find" and "walk" functions for easily locating and navigating trees of
|
|
data.
|
|
|
|
Mini-XML doesn't do validation or other types of processing on the data based
|
|
upon schema files or other sources of definition information.
|
|
|
|
|
|
## History
|
|
|
|
Mini-XML was initially developed for the [Gutenprint](http://gutenprint.sf.net/)
|
|
project to replace the rather large and unwieldy `libxml2` library with
|
|
something substantially smaller and easier-to-use. It all began one morning in
|
|
June of 2003 when Robert posted the following sentence to the developer's list:
|
|
|
|
> It's bad enough that we require libxml2, but rolling our own XML parser is a
|
|
> bit more than we can handle.
|
|
|
|
I then replied with:
|
|
|
|
> Given the limited scope of what you use in XML, it should be trivial to code a
|
|
> mini-XML API in a few hundred lines of code.
|
|
|
|
I took my own challenge and coded furiously for two days to produced the initial
|
|
public release of Mini-XML, total lines of code: 696. Robert promptly
|
|
integrated Mini-XML into Gutenprint and removed libxml2.
|
|
|
|
Thanks to lots of feedback and support from various developers, Mini-XML has
|
|
evolved since then to provide a more complete XML implementation and now stands
|
|
at a whopping 4,115 lines of code, compared to 140,410 lines of code for libxml2
|
|
version 2.9.1.
|
|
|
|
|
|
## Resources
|
|
|
|
The Mini-XML home page can be found at:
|
|
|
|
https://www.msweet.orgm/mxml
|
|
|
|
From here you can download the current version of Mini-XML, the issue tracker,
|
|
and other resources.
|
|
|
|
|
|
## Legal Stuff
|
|
|
|
The Mini-XML library is copyright © 2003-2019 by Michael R Sweet and is provided
|
|
under the Apache License Version 2.0 with an exception to allow linking against
|
|
GPL2/LGPL2-only software. See the files "LICENSE" and "NOTICE" for more
|
|
information.
|
|
|
|
|
|
# Using Mini-XML
|
|
|
|
Mini-XML provides a single header file which you include:
|
|
|
|
#include <mxml.h>
|
|
|
|
The Mini-XML library is included with your program using the `-lmxml` option:
|
|
|
|
gcc -o myprogram myprogram.c -lmxml
|
|
|
|
If you have the `pkg-config` software installed, you can use it to determine the
|
|
proper compiler and linker options for your installation:
|
|
|
|
gcc `pkg-config --cflags mxml` -o myprogram myprogram.c `pkg-config --libs mxml`
|
|
|
|
|
|
## Loading an XML File
|
|
|
|
You load an XML file using the `mxmlLoadFile` function:
|
|
|
|
mxml_node_t *
|
|
mxmlLoadFile(mxml_node_t *top, FILE *fp,
|
|
mxml_type_t (*cb)(mxml_node_t *));
|
|
|
|
The `cb` argument specifies a function that assigns child (value) node types for
|
|
each element in the document. The callback can be a function you provide or one
|
|
of the standard functions provided with Mini-XML. For example, to load the XML
|
|
file "filename.xml" containing text strings you can use the
|
|
`MXML_OPAQUE_CALLBACK` function:
|
|
|
|
FILE *fp;
|
|
mxml_node_t *tree;
|
|
|
|
fp = fopen("filename.xml", "r");
|
|
tree = mxmlLoadFile(NULL, fp, MXML_OPAQUE_CALLBACK);
|
|
fclose(fp);
|
|
|
|
Mini-XML also provides functions to load from a file descriptor or string:
|
|
|
|
mxml_node_t *
|
|
mxmlLoadFd(mxml_node_t *top, int fd,
|
|
mxml_type_t (*cb)(mxml_node_t *));
|
|
|
|
mxml_node_t *
|
|
mxmlLoadString(mxml_node_t *top, const char *s,
|
|
mxml_type_t (*cb)(mxml_node_t *));
|
|
|
|
|
|
### Load Callbacks
|
|
|
|
The last argument to the `mxmlLoad` functions is a callback function which is
|
|
used to determine the value type of each data node in an XML document. Mini-XML
|
|
defines several standard callbacks for simple XML data files:
|
|
|
|
- `MXML_INTEGER_CALLBACK`: All data nodes contain whitespace-separated integers.
|
|
- `MXML_OPAQUE_CALLBACK`: All data nodes contain opaque strings with whitespace preserved.
|
|
- `MXML_REAL_CALLBACK` - All data nodes contain whitespace-separated floating-point numbers.
|
|
- `MXML_TEXT_CALLBACK` - All data nodes contain whitespace-separated strings.
|
|
|
|
You can provide your own callback functions for more complex XML documents.
|
|
Your callback function will receive a pointer to the current element node and
|
|
must return the value type of the immediate children for that element node:
|
|
`MXML_CUSTOM`, `MXML_INTEGER`, `MXML_OPAQUE`, `MXML_REAL`, or `MXML_TEXT`. The
|
|
function is called *after* the element and its attributes have been read, so you
|
|
can look at the element name, attributes, and attribute values to determine the
|
|
proper value type to return.
|
|
|
|
The following callback function looks for an attribute named "type" or the
|
|
element name to determine the value type for its child nodes:
|
|
|
|
mxml_type_t
|
|
type_cb(mxml_node_t *node)
|
|
{
|
|
const char *type;
|
|
|
|
/*
|
|
* You can lookup attributes and/or use the element name,
|
|
* hierarchy, etc...
|
|
*/
|
|
|
|
type = mxmlElementGetAttr(node, "type");
|
|
if (type == NULL)
|
|
type = mxmlGetElement(node);
|
|
|
|
if (!strcmp(type, "integer"))
|
|
return (MXML_INTEGER);
|
|
else if (!strcmp(type, "opaque"))
|
|
return (MXML_OPAQUE);
|
|
else if (!strcmp(type, "real"))
|
|
return (MXML_REAL);
|
|
else
|
|
return (MXML_TEXT);
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
To use this callback function, simply use the name when you call any of the load
|
|
functions:
|
|
|
|
FILE *fp;
|
|
mxml_node_t *tree;
|
|
|
|
fp = fopen("filename.xml", "r");
|
|
tree = mxmlLoadFile(NULL, fp, type_cb);
|
|
fclose(fp);
|
|
|
|
|
|
## Nodes
|
|
|
|
Every piece of information in an XML file is stored in memory in "nodes". Nodes
|
|
are defined by the `mxml_node_t` structure. Each node has a typed value,
|
|
optional user data, a parent node, sibling nodes (previous and next), and
|
|
potentially child nodes.
|
|
|
|
For example, if you have an XML file like the following:
|
|
|
|
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
|
|
<data>
|
|
<node>val1</node>
|
|
<node>val2</node>
|
|
<node>val3</node>
|
|
<group>
|
|
<node>val4</node>
|
|
<node>val5</node>
|
|
<node>val6</node>
|
|
</group>
|
|
<node>val7</node>
|
|
<node>val8</node>
|
|
</data>
|
|
|
|
the node tree for the file would look like the following in memory:
|
|
|
|
?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?
|
|
|
|
|
data
|
|
|
|
|
node - node - node - group - node - node
|
|
| | | | | |
|
|
val1 val2 val3 | val7 val8
|
|
|
|
|
node - node - node
|
|
| | |
|
|
val4 val5 val6
|
|
|
|
where "-" is a pointer to the sibling node and "|" is a pointer to the first
|
|
child or parent node.
|
|
|
|
The `mxmlGetType` function gets the type of a node:
|
|
|
|
mxml_type_t
|
|
mxmlGetType(mxml_node_t *node);
|
|
|
|
- `MXML_CUSTOM` : A custom value defined by your application,
|
|
- `MXML_ELEMENT` : An XML element, CDATA, comment, or processing instruction,
|
|
- `MXML_INTEGER` : A whitespace-delimited integer value,
|
|
- `MXML_OPAQUE` : An opaque string value that preserves all whitespace,
|
|
- `MXML_REAL` : A whitespace-delimited floating point value, or
|
|
- `MXML_TEXT` : A whitespace-delimited text (fragment) value.
|
|
|
|
> Note: CDATA, comment, and processing directive nodes are currently stored in
|
|
> memory as special elements. This will be changed in a future major release of
|
|
> Mini-XML.
|
|
|
|
The parent and sibling nodes are accessed using the `mxmlGetParent`,
|
|
`mxmlGetNextSibling`, and `mxmlGetPreviousSibling` functions, while the children
|
|
of an element node are accessed using the `mxmlGetFirstChild` or
|
|
`mxmlGetLastChild` functions:
|
|
|
|
mxml_node_t *
|
|
mxmlGetFirstChild(mxml_node_t *node);
|
|
|
|
mxml_node_t *
|
|
mxmlGetLastChild(mxml_node_t *node);
|
|
|
|
mxml_node_t *
|
|
mxmlGetNextSibling(mxml_node_t *node);
|
|
|
|
mxml_node_t *
|
|
mxmlGetParent(mxml_node_t *node);
|
|
|
|
mxml_node_t *
|
|
mxmlGetPrevSibling(mxml_node_t *node);
|
|
|
|
The `mxmlGetUserData` function gets any user (application) data associated with
|
|
the node:
|
|
|
|
void *
|
|
mxmlGetUserData(mxml_node_t *node);
|
|
|
|
|
|
## Creating XML Documents
|
|
|
|
You can create and update XML documents in memory using the various `mxmlNew`
|
|
functions. The following code will create the XML document described in the
|
|
previous section:
|
|
|
|
mxml_node_t *xml; /* <?xml ... ?> */
|
|
mxml_node_t *data; /* <data> */
|
|
mxml_node_t *node; /* <node> */
|
|
mxml_node_t *group; /* <group> */
|
|
|
|
xml = mxmlNewXML("1.0");
|
|
|
|
data = mxmlNewElement(xml, "data");
|
|
|
|
node = mxmlNewElement(data, "node");
|
|
mxmlNewText(node, 0, "val1");
|
|
node = mxmlNewElement(data, "node");
|
|
mxmlNewText(node, 0, "val2");
|
|
node = mxmlNewElement(data, "node");
|
|
mxmlNewText(node, 0, "val3");
|
|
|
|
group = mxmlNewElement(data, "group");
|
|
|
|
node = mxmlNewElement(group, "node");
|
|
mxmlNewText(node, 0, "val4");
|
|
node = mxmlNewElement(group, "node");
|
|
mxmlNewText(node, 0, "val5");
|
|
node = mxmlNewElement(group, "node");
|
|
mxmlNewText(node, 0, "val6");
|
|
|
|
node = mxmlNewElement(data, "node");
|
|
mxmlNewText(node, 0, "val7");
|
|
node = mxmlNewElement(data, "node");
|
|
mxmlNewText(node, 0, "val8");
|
|
|
|
We start by creating the declaration node common to all XML files using the
|
|
`mxmlNewXML` function:
|
|
|
|
xml = mxmlNewXML("1.0");
|
|
|
|
We then create the `<data>` node used for this document using the
|
|
`mxmlNewElement` function. The first argument specifies the parent node
|
|
\(`xml`) while the second specifies the element name \(`data`):
|
|
|
|
data = mxmlNewElement(xml, "data");
|
|
|
|
Each `<node>...</node>` in the file is created using the `mxmlNewElement` and
|
|
`mxmlNewText` functions. The first argument of `mxmlNewText` specifies the
|
|
parent node \(`node`). The second argument specifies whether whitespace appears
|
|
before the text - 0 or false in this case. The last argument specifies the
|
|
actual text to add:
|
|
|
|
node = mxmlNewElement(data, "node");
|
|
mxmlNewText(node, 0, "val1");
|
|
|
|
The resulting in-memory XML document can then be saved or processed just like
|
|
one loaded from disk or a string.
|
|
|
|
|
|
## Saving an XML File
|
|
|
|
You save an XML file using the `mxmlSaveFile` function:
|
|
|
|
int
|
|
mxmlSaveFile(mxml_node_t *node, FILE *fp,
|
|
mxml_save_cb_t cb);
|
|
|
|
The `cb` argument specifies a function that returns the whitespace (if any) that
|
|
is inserted before and after each element node. The `MXML_NO_CALLBACK` constant
|
|
tells Mini-XML to not include any extra whitespace. For example, so save an XML
|
|
file to the file "filename.xml" with no extra whitespace:
|
|
|
|
FILE *fp;
|
|
|
|
fp = fopen("filename.xml", "w");
|
|
mxmlSaveFile(xml, fp, MXML_NO_CALLBACK);
|
|
fclose(fp);
|
|
|
|
Mini-XML also provides functions to save to a file descriptor or strings:
|
|
|
|
char *
|
|
mxmlSaveAllocString(mxml_node_t *node, mxml_save_cb_t cb);
|
|
|
|
int
|
|
mxmlSaveFd(mxml_node_t *node, int fd, mxml_save_cb_t cb);
|
|
|
|
int
|
|
mxmlSaveString(mxml_node_t *node, char *buffer, int bufsize,
|
|
mxml_save_cb_t cb);
|
|
|
|
|
|
### Controlling Line Wrapping
|
|
|
|
When saving XML documents, Mini-XML normally wraps output lines at column 75 so
|
|
that the text is readable in terminal windows. The `mxmlSetWrapMargin` function
|
|
overrides the default wrap margin for the current thread:
|
|
|
|
void mxmlSetWrapMargin(int column);
|
|
|
|
For example, the following code sets the margin to 132 columns:
|
|
|
|
mxmlSetWrapMargin(132);
|
|
|
|
while the following code disables wrapping by setting the margin to 0:
|
|
|
|
mxmlSetWrapMargin(0);
|
|
|
|
|
|
### Save Callbacks
|
|
|
|
The last argument to the `mxmlSave` functions is a callback function which is
|
|
used to automatically insert whitespace in an XML document. Your callback
|
|
function will be called up to four times for each element node with a pointer to
|
|
the node and a "where" value of `MXML_WS_BEFORE_OPEN`, `MXML_WS_AFTER_OPEN`,
|
|
`MXML_WS_BEFORE_CLOSE`, or `MXML_WS_AFTER_CLOSE`. The callback function should
|
|
return `NULL` if no whitespace should be added or the string to insert (spaces,
|
|
tabs, carriage returns, and newlines) otherwise.
|
|
|
|
The following whitespace callback can be used to add whitespace to XHTML output
|
|
to make it more readable in a standard text editor:
|
|
|
|
const char *
|
|
whitespace_cb(mxml_node_t *node, int where)
|
|
{
|
|
const char *element;
|
|
|
|
/*
|
|
* We can conditionally break to a new line before or after
|
|
* any element. These are just common HTML elements...
|
|
*/
|
|
|
|
element = mxmlGetElement(node);
|
|
|
|
if (!strcmp(element, "html") ||
|
|
!strcmp(element, "head") ||
|
|
!strcmp(element, "body") ||
|
|
!strcmp(element, "pre") ||
|
|
!strcmp(element, "p") ||
|
|
!strcmp(element, "h1") ||
|
|
!strcmp(element, "h2") ||
|
|
!strcmp(element, "h3") ||
|
|
!strcmp(element, "h4") ||
|
|
!strcmp(element, "h5") ||
|
|
!strcmp(element, "h6"))
|
|
{
|
|
/*
|
|
* Newlines before open and after close...
|
|
*/
|
|
|
|
if (where == MXML_WS_BEFORE_OPEN ||
|
|
where == MXML_WS_AFTER_CLOSE)
|
|
return ("\n");
|
|
}
|
|
else if (!strcmp(element, "dl") ||
|
|
!strcmp(element, "ol") ||
|
|
!strcmp(element, "ul"))
|
|
{
|
|
/*
|
|
* Put a newline before and after list elements...
|
|
*/
|
|
|
|
return ("\n");
|
|
}
|
|
else if (!strcmp(element, "dd") ||
|
|
!strcmp(element, "dt") ||
|
|
!strcmp(element, "li"))
|
|
{
|
|
/*
|
|
* Put a tab before <li>'s, <dd>'s, and <dt>'s, and a
|
|
* newline after them...
|
|
*/
|
|
|
|
if (where == MXML_WS_BEFORE_OPEN)
|
|
return ("\t");
|
|
else if (where == MXML_WS_AFTER_CLOSE)
|
|
return ("\n");
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
/*
|
|
* Otherwise return NULL for no added whitespace...
|
|
*/
|
|
|
|
return (NULL);
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
To use this callback function, simply use the name when you call any of the save
|
|
functions:
|
|
|
|
FILE *fp;
|
|
mxml_node_t *tree;
|
|
|
|
fp = fopen("filename.xml", "w");
|
|
mxmlSaveFile(tree, fp, whitespace_cb);
|
|
fclose(fp);
|
|
|
|
|
|
## Memory Management
|
|
|
|
Once you are done with the XML data, use the `mxmlDelete` function to
|
|
recursively free the memory that is used for a particular node or the entire
|
|
tree:
|
|
|
|
void
|
|
mxmlDelete(mxml_node_t *tree);
|
|
|
|
You can also use reference counting to manage memory usage. The `mxmlRetain`
|
|
and `mxmlRelease` functions increment and decrement a node's use count,
|
|
respectively. When the use count goes to zero, `mxmlRelease` automatically
|
|
calls `mxmlDelete` to actually free the memory used by the node tree. New nodes
|
|
start with a use count of 1.
|
|
|
|
|
|
# More About Nodes
|
|
|
|
## Element Nodes
|
|
|
|
Element \(`MXML_ELEMENT`) nodes are created using the `mxmlNewElement` function.
|
|
Element attributes are set using the `mxmlElementSetAttr` and
|
|
`mxmlElementSetAttrf` functions and cleared using the `mxmlElementDeleteAttr`
|
|
function:
|
|
|
|
mxml_node_t *
|
|
mxmlNewElement(mxml_node_t *parent, const char *name);
|
|
|
|
void
|
|
mxmlElementDeleteAttr(mxml_node_t *node, const char *name);
|
|
|
|
void
|
|
mxmlElementSetAttr(mxml_node_t *node, const char *name,
|
|
const char *value);
|
|
|
|
void
|
|
mxmlElementSetAttrf(mxml_node_t *node, const char *name,
|
|
const char *format, ...);
|
|
|
|
Child nodes are added using the various `mxmlNew` functions. The top (root)
|
|
node must be an element, usually created by the `mxmlNewXML` function:
|
|
|
|
mxml_node_t *
|
|
mxmlNewXML(const char *version);
|
|
|
|
The `mxmlGetElement` function retrieves the element name, the
|
|
`mxmlElementGetAttr` function retrieves the value string for a named attribute
|
|
associated with the element. The `mxmlElementGetAttrByIndex` and
|
|
`mxmlElementGetAttrCount` functions retrieve attributes by index:
|
|
|
|
const char *
|
|
mxmlGetElement(mxml_node_t *node);
|
|
|
|
const char *
|
|
mxmlElementGetAttr(mxml_node_t *node, const char *name);
|
|
|
|
const char *
|
|
mxmlElementGetAttrByIndex(mxml_node_t *node, int idx,
|
|
const char **name);
|
|
|
|
int
|
|
mxmlElementGetAttrCount(mxml_node_t *node);
|
|
|
|
|
|
## CDATA Nodes
|
|
|
|
CDATA \(`MXML_ELEMENT`) nodes are created using the `mxmlNewCDATA` function:
|
|
|
|
mxml_node_t *mxmlNewCDATA(mxml_node_t *parent, const char *string);
|
|
|
|
The `mxmlGetCDATA` function retrieves the CDATA string pointer for a node:
|
|
|
|
const char *mxmlGetCDATA(mxml_node_t *node);
|
|
|
|
|
|
## Comment Nodes
|
|
|
|
Because comments are currently stored as element nodes, comment
|
|
\(`MXML_ELEMENT`) nodes are created using the `mxmlNewElement` function by
|
|
including the surrounding "!--" and "--" characters in the element name, for
|
|
example:
|
|
|
|
mxml_node_t *node = mxmlNewElement("!-- This is a comment --");
|
|
|
|
Similarly, the `mxmlGetElement` function retrieves the comment string pointer
|
|
for a node, which includes the surrounding "!--" and "--" characters.
|
|
|
|
const char *comment = mxmlGetElement(node);
|
|
/* returns "!-- This is a comment --" */
|
|
|
|
|
|
## Processing Instruction Nodes
|
|
|
|
Because processing instructions are currently stored as element nodes,
|
|
processing instruction \(`MXML_ELEMENT`) nodes are created using the
|
|
`mxmlNewElement` function including the surrounding "?" characters:
|
|
|
|
mxml_node_t *node = mxmlNewElement("?xml-stylesheet type=\"text/css\" href=\"style.css\"?");
|
|
|
|
The `mxmlGetElement` function retrieves the processing instruction string for a
|
|
node, including the surrounding "?" characters:
|
|
|
|
const char *instr = mxmlGetElement(node);
|
|
/* returned "?xml-stylesheet type=\"text/css\" href=\"style.css\"?" */
|
|
|
|
|
|
## Integer Nodes
|
|
|
|
Integer \(`MXML_INTEGER`) nodes are created using the `mxmlNewInteger` function:
|
|
|
|
mxml_node_t *
|
|
mxmlNewInteger(mxml_node_t *parent, int integer);
|
|
|
|
The `mxmlGetInteger` function retrieves the integer value for a node:
|
|
|
|
int
|
|
mxmlGetInteger(mxml_node_t *node);
|
|
|
|
|
|
## Opaque String Nodes
|
|
|
|
Opaque string \(`MXML_OPAQUE`) nodes are created using the `mxmlNewOpaque`
|
|
function:
|
|
|
|
mxml_node_t *
|
|
mxmlNewOpaque(mxml_node_t *parent, const char *opaque);
|
|
|
|
The `mxmlGetOpaque` function retrieves the opaque string pointer for a node:
|
|
|
|
const char *
|
|
mxmlGetOpaque(mxml_node_t *node);
|
|
|
|
|
|
## Text Nodes
|
|
|
|
Whitespace-delimited text string \(`MXML_TEXT`) nodes are created using the
|
|
`mxmlNewText` and `mxmlNewTextf` functions. Each text node consists of a text
|
|
string and (leading) whitespace flag value.
|
|
|
|
mxml_node_t *
|
|
mxmlNewText(mxml_node_t *parent, int whitespace,
|
|
const char *string);
|
|
|
|
mxml_node_t *
|
|
mxmlNewTextf(mxml_node_t *parent, int whitespace,
|
|
const char *format, ...);
|
|
|
|
The `mxmlGetText` function retrieves the text string pointer and whitespace
|
|
flag value for a node:
|
|
|
|
const char *
|
|
mxmlGetText(mxml_node_t *node, int *whitespace);
|
|
|
|
|
|
## Real Number Nodes
|
|
|
|
Real number \(`MXML_REAL`) nodes are created using the `mxmlNewReal` function:
|
|
|
|
mxml_node_t *
|
|
mxmlNewReal(mxml_node_t *parent, double real);
|
|
|
|
The `mxmlGetReal` function retrieves the real number for a node:
|
|
|
|
double
|
|
mxmlGetReal(mxml_node_t *node);
|
|
|
|
|
|
# Locating Data in an XML Document
|
|
|
|
Mini-XML provides many functions for enumerating, searching, and indexing XML
|
|
documents.
|
|
|
|
|
|
## Finding Nodes
|
|
|
|
The `mxmlFindPath` function finds the (first) value node under a specific
|
|
element using a "path":
|
|
|
|
mxml_node_t *
|
|
mxmlFindPath(mxml_node_t *node, const char *path);
|
|
|
|
The `path` string can contain the "*" wildcard to match a single element node in
|
|
the hierarchy. For example, the following code will find the first "node"
|
|
element under the "group" element, first using an explicit path and then using a
|
|
wildcard:
|
|
|
|
mxml_node_t *value = mxmlFindPath(xml, "data/group/node");
|
|
|
|
mxml_node_t *value = mxmlFindPath(xml, "data/*/node");
|
|
|
|
The `mxmlFindElement` function can be used to find a named element, optionally
|
|
matching an attribute and value:
|
|
|
|
mxml_node_t *
|
|
mxmlFindElement(mxml_node_t *node, mxml_node_t *top,
|
|
const char *element, const char *attr,
|
|
const char *value, int descend);
|
|
|
|
The "element", "attr", and "value" arguments can be passed as `NULL` to act as
|
|
wildcards, e.g.:
|
|
|
|
/* Find the first "a" element */
|
|
node = mxmlFindElement(tree, tree, "a", NULL, NULL,
|
|
MXML_DESCEND);
|
|
|
|
/* Find the first "a" element with "href" attribute */
|
|
node = mxmlFindElement(tree, tree, "a", "href", NULL,
|
|
MXML_DESCEND);
|
|
|
|
/* Find the first "a" element with "href" to a URL */
|
|
node = mxmlFindElement(tree, tree, "a", "href",
|
|
"http://michaelrsweet.github.io/",
|
|
MXML_DESCEND);
|
|
|
|
/* Find the first element with a "src" attribute*/
|
|
node = mxmlFindElement(tree, tree, NULL, "src", NULL,
|
|
MXML_DESCEND);
|
|
|
|
/* Find the first element with a "src" = "foo.jpg" */
|
|
node = mxmlFindElement(tree, tree, NULL, "src", "foo.jpg",
|
|
MXML_DESCEND);
|
|
|
|
You can also iterate with the same function:
|
|
|
|
mxml_node_t *node;
|
|
|
|
for (node = mxmlFindElement(tree, tree, "element", NULL,
|
|
NULL, MXML_DESCEND);
|
|
node != NULL;
|
|
node = mxmlFindElement(node, tree, "element", NULL,
|
|
NULL, MXML_DESCEND))
|
|
{
|
|
... do something ...
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
The `descend` argument \(`MXML_DESCEND` in the examples above) can be one of
|
|
three constants:
|
|
|
|
- `MXML_NO_DESCEND`: ignore child nodes in the element hierarchy, instead using
|
|
siblings (same level) or parent nodes (above) until the top (root) node is
|
|
reached.
|
|
|
|
- `MXML_DESCEND_FIRST`: start the search with the first child of the node, and
|
|
then search siblings. You'll normally use this when iterating through direct
|
|
children of a parent node, e.g. all of the "node" and "group" elements under
|
|
the "?xml" parent node in the previous example.
|
|
|
|
- `MXML_DESCEND`: search child nodes first, then sibling nodes, and then parent
|
|
nodes.
|
|
|
|
|
|
## Iterating Nodes
|
|
|
|
While the `mxmlFindNode` and `mxmlFindPath` functions will find a particular
|
|
element node, sometimes you need to iterate over all nodes. The `mxmlWalkNext`
|
|
and `mxmlWalkPrev` functions can be used to iterate through the XML node
|
|
tree:
|
|
|
|
mxml_node_t *
|
|
mxmlWalkNext(mxml_node_t *node, mxml_node_t *top,
|
|
int descend);
|
|
|
|
mxml_node_t *
|
|
mxmlWalkPrev(mxml_node_t *node, mxml_node_t *top,
|
|
int descend);
|
|
|
|
Depending on the value of the `descend` argument, these functions will
|
|
automatically traverse child, sibling, and parent nodes until the `top` node is
|
|
reached. For example, the following code will iterate over all of the nodes in
|
|
the sample XML document in the previous section:
|
|
|
|
mxml_node_t *node;
|
|
|
|
for (node = xml;
|
|
node != NULL;
|
|
node = mxmlWalkNext(node, xml, MXML_DESCEND))
|
|
{
|
|
... do something ...
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
The nodes will be returned in the following order:
|
|
|
|
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
|
|
<data>
|
|
<node>
|
|
val1
|
|
<node>
|
|
val2
|
|
<node>
|
|
val3
|
|
<group>
|
|
<node>
|
|
val4
|
|
<node>
|
|
val5
|
|
<node>
|
|
val6
|
|
<node>
|
|
val7
|
|
<node>
|
|
val8
|
|
|
|
|
|
## Indexing
|
|
|
|
The `mxmlIndexNew` function allows you to create an index of nodes for faster
|
|
searching and enumeration:
|
|
|
|
mxml_index_t *
|
|
mxmlIndexNew(mxml_node_t *node, const char *element,
|
|
const char *attr);
|
|
|
|
The `element` and `attr` arguments control which elements are included in the
|
|
index. If `element` is not `NULL` then only elements with the specified name
|
|
are added to the index. Similarly, if `attr` is not `NULL` then only elements
|
|
containing the specified attribute are added to the index. The nodes are sorted
|
|
in the index.
|
|
|
|
For example, the following code creates an index of all "id" values in an XML
|
|
document:
|
|
|
|
mxml_index_t *ind = mxmlIndexNew(xml, NULL, "id");
|
|
|
|
Once the index is created, the `mxmlIndexFind` function can be used to find a
|
|
matching node:
|
|
|
|
mxml_node_t *
|
|
mxmlIndexFind(mxml_index_t *ind, const char *element,
|
|
const char *value);
|
|
|
|
For example, the following code will find the element whose "id" string is "42":
|
|
|
|
mxml_node_t *node = mxmlIndexFind(ind, NULL, "42");
|
|
|
|
Alternately, the `mxmlIndexReset` and `mxmlIndexEnum` functions can be used to
|
|
enumerate the nodes in the index:
|
|
|
|
mxml_node_t *
|
|
mxmlIndexReset(mxml_index_t *ind);
|
|
|
|
mxml_node_t *
|
|
mxmlIndexEnum(mxml_index_t *ind);
|
|
|
|
Typically these functions will be used in a `for` loop:
|
|
|
|
mxml_node_t *node;
|
|
|
|
for (node = mxmlIndexReset(ind);
|
|
node != NULL;
|
|
node = mxmlIndexEnum(ind))
|
|
{
|
|
... do something ...
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
The `mxmlIndexCount` function returns the number of nodes in the index:
|
|
|
|
int
|
|
mxmlIndexGetCount(mxml_index_t *ind);
|
|
|
|
Finally, the `mxmlIndexDelete` function frees all memory associated with the
|
|
index:
|
|
|
|
void
|
|
mxmlIndexDelete(mxml_index_t *ind);
|
|
|
|
|
|
# Custom Data Types
|
|
|
|
Mini-XML supports custom data types via per-thread load and save callbacks.
|
|
Only a single set of callbacks can be active at any time for the current thread,
|
|
however your callbacks can store additional information in order to support
|
|
multiple custom data types as needed. The `MXML_CUSTOM` node type identifies
|
|
custom data nodes.
|
|
|
|
The `mxmlGetCustom` function retrieves the custom value pointer for a node.
|
|
|
|
const void *
|
|
mxmlGetCustom(mxml_node_t *node);
|
|
|
|
Custom \(`MXML_CUSTOM`) nodes are created using the `mxmlNewCustom` function or
|
|
using a custom per-thread load callbacks specified using the
|
|
`mxmlSetCustomHandlers` function:
|
|
|
|
typedef void (*mxml_custom_destroy_cb_t)(void *);
|
|
typedef int (*mxml_custom_load_cb_t)(mxml_node_t *, const char *);
|
|
typedef char *(*mxml_custom_save_cb_t)(mxml_node_t *);
|
|
|
|
mxml_node_t *
|
|
mxmlNewCustom(mxml_node_t *parent, void *data,
|
|
mxml_custom_destroy_cb_t destroy);
|
|
|
|
int
|
|
mxmlSetCustom(mxml_node_t *node, void *data,
|
|
mxml_custom_destroy_cb_t destroy);
|
|
|
|
void
|
|
mxmlSetCustomHandlers(mxml_custom_load_cb_t load,
|
|
mxml_custom_save_cb_t save);
|
|
|
|
The load callback receives a pointer to the current data node and a string of
|
|
opaque character data from the XML source with character entities converted to
|
|
the corresponding UTF-8 characters. For example, if we wanted to support a
|
|
custom date/time type whose value is encoded as "yyyy-mm-ddThh:mm:ssZ" (ISO
|
|
format), the load callback would look like the following:
|
|
|
|
typedef struct
|
|
{
|
|
unsigned year, /* Year */
|
|
month, /* Month */
|
|
day, /* Day */
|
|
hour, /* Hour */
|
|
minute, /* Minute */
|
|
second; /* Second */
|
|
time_t unix; /* UNIX time */
|
|
} iso_date_time_t;
|
|
|
|
int
|
|
load_custom(mxml_node_t *node, const char *data)
|
|
{
|
|
iso_date_time_t *dt;
|
|
struct tm tmdata;
|
|
|
|
/*
|
|
* Allocate data structure...
|
|
*/
|
|
|
|
dt = calloc(1, sizeof(iso_date_time_t));
|
|
|
|
/*
|
|
* Try reading 6 unsigned integers from the data string...
|
|
*/
|
|
|
|
if (sscanf(data, "%u-%u-%uT%u:%u:%uZ", &(dt->year),
|
|
&(dt->month), &(dt->day), &(dt->hour),
|
|
&(dt->minute), &(dt->second)) != 6)
|
|
{
|
|
/*
|
|
* Unable to read numbers, free the data structure and
|
|
* return an error...
|
|
*/
|
|
|
|
free(dt);
|
|
|
|
return (-1);
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
/*
|
|
* Range check values...
|
|
*/
|
|
|
|
if (dt->month < 1 || dt->month > 12 ||
|
|
dt->day < 1 || dt->day > 31 ||
|
|
dt->hour < 0 || dt->hour > 23 ||
|
|
dt->minute < 0 || dt->minute > 59 ||
|
|
dt->second < 0 || dt->second > 60)
|
|
{
|
|
/*
|
|
* Date information is out of range...
|
|
*/
|
|
|
|
free(dt);
|
|
|
|
return (-1);
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
/*
|
|
* Convert ISO time to UNIX time in seconds...
|
|
*/
|
|
|
|
tmdata.tm_year = dt->year - 1900;
|
|
tmdata.tm_mon = dt->month - 1;
|
|
tmdata.tm_day = dt->day;
|
|
tmdata.tm_hour = dt->hour;
|
|
tmdata.tm_min = dt->minute;
|
|
tmdata.tm_sec = dt->second;
|
|
|
|
dt->unix = gmtime(&tmdata);
|
|
|
|
/*
|
|
* Assign custom node data and destroy (free) function
|
|
* pointers...
|
|
*/
|
|
|
|
mxmlSetCustom(node, data, free);
|
|
|
|
/*
|
|
* Return with no errors...
|
|
*/
|
|
|
|
return (0);
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
The function itself can return 0 on success or -1 if it is unable to decode the
|
|
custom data or the data contains an error. Custom data nodes contain a `void`
|
|
pointer to the allocated custom data for the node and a pointer to a destructor
|
|
function which will free the custom data when the node is deleted. In this
|
|
example, we use the standard `free` function since everything is contained in a
|
|
single calloc'd block.
|
|
|
|
The save callback receives the node pointer and returns an allocated string
|
|
containing the custom data value. The following save callback could be used for
|
|
our ISO date/time type:
|
|
|
|
char *
|
|
save_custom(mxml_node_t *node)
|
|
{
|
|
char data[255];
|
|
iso_date_time_t *dt;
|
|
|
|
|
|
dt = (iso_date_time_t *)mxmlGetCustom(node);
|
|
|
|
snprintf(data, sizeof(data),
|
|
"%04u-%02u-%02uT%02u:%02u:%02uZ",
|
|
dt->year, dt->month, dt->day, dt->hour,
|
|
dt->minute, dt->second);
|
|
|
|
return (strdup(data));
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
You register the callback functions using the `mxmlSetCustomHandlers` function:
|
|
|
|
mxmlSetCustomHandlers(load_custom, save_custom);
|
|
|
|
|
|
# SAX (Stream) Loading of Documents
|
|
|
|
Mini-XML supports an implementation of the Simple API for XML (SAX) which allows
|
|
you to load and process an XML document as a stream of nodes. Aside from
|
|
allowing you to process XML documents of any size, the Mini-XML implementation
|
|
also allows you to retain portions of the document in memory for later
|
|
processing.
|
|
|
|
The `mxmlSAXLoadFd`, `mxmlSAXLoadFile`, and `mxmlSAXLoadString` functions
|
|
provide the SAX loading APIs:
|
|
|
|
mxml_node_t *
|
|
mxmlSAXLoadFd(mxml_node_t *top, int fd,
|
|
mxml_type_t (*cb)(mxml_node_t *),
|
|
mxml_sax_cb_t sax, void *sax_data);
|
|
|
|
mxml_node_t *
|
|
mxmlSAXLoadFile(mxml_node_t *top, FILE *fp,
|
|
mxml_type_t (*cb)(mxml_node_t *),
|
|
mxml_sax_cb_t sax, void *sax_data);
|
|
|
|
mxml_node_t *
|
|
mxmlSAXLoadString(mxml_node_t *top, const char *s,
|
|
mxml_type_t (*cb)(mxml_node_t *),
|
|
mxml_sax_cb_t sax, void *sax_data);
|
|
|
|
Each function works like the corresponding `mxmlLoad` function but uses a
|
|
callback to process each node as it is read. The callback function receives the
|
|
node, an event code, and a user data pointer you supply:
|
|
|
|
void
|
|
sax_cb(mxml_node_t *node, mxml_sax_event_t event,
|
|
void *data)
|
|
{
|
|
... do something ...
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
The event will be one of the following:
|
|
|
|
- `MXML_SAX_CDATA`: CDATA was just read.
|
|
- `MXML_SAX_COMMENT`: A comment was just read.
|
|
- `MXML_SAX_DATA`: Data (custom, integer, opaque, real, or text) was just read.
|
|
- `MXML_SAX_DIRECTIVE`: A processing directive/instruction was just read.
|
|
- `MXML_SAX_ELEMENT_CLOSE` - A close element was just read \(`</element>`)
|
|
- `MXML_SAX_ELEMENT_OPEN` - An open element was just read \(`<element>`)
|
|
|
|
Elements are *released* after the close element is processed. All other nodes
|
|
are released after they are processed. The SAX callback can *retain* the node
|
|
using the `mxmlRetain` function. For example, the following SAX callback will
|
|
retain all nodes, effectively simulating a normal in-memory load:
|
|
|
|
void
|
|
sax_cb(mxml_node_t *node, mxml_sax_event_t event,
|
|
void *data)
|
|
{
|
|
if (event != MXML_SAX_ELEMENT_CLOSE)
|
|
mxmlRetain(node);
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
More typically the SAX callback will only retain a small portion of the document
|
|
that is needed for post-processing. For example, the following SAX callback
|
|
will retain the title and headings in an XHTML file. It also retains the (parent) elements like `<html>`, `<head>`, and `<body>`, and processing
|
|
directives like `<?xml ... ?>` and `<!DOCTYPE ... >`:
|
|
|
|
void
|
|
sax_cb(mxml_node_t *node, mxml_sax_event_t event,
|
|
void *data)
|
|
{
|
|
if (event == MXML_SAX_ELEMENT_OPEN)
|
|
{
|
|
/*
|
|
* Retain headings and titles...
|
|
*/
|
|
|
|
const char *element = mxmlGetElement(node);
|
|
|
|
if (!strcmp(element, "html") ||
|
|
!strcmp(element, "head") ||
|
|
!strcmp(element, "title") ||
|
|
!strcmp(element, "body") ||
|
|
!strcmp(element, "h1") ||
|
|
!strcmp(element, "h2") ||
|
|
!strcmp(element, "h3") ||
|
|
!strcmp(element, "h4") ||
|
|
!strcmp(element, "h5") ||
|
|
!strcmp(element, "h6"))
|
|
mxmlRetain(node);
|
|
}
|
|
else if (event == MXML_SAX_DIRECTIVE)
|
|
mxmlRetain(node);
|
|
else if (event == MXML_SAX_DATA)
|
|
{
|
|
if (mxmlGetRefCount(mxmlGetParent(node)) > 1)
|
|
{
|
|
/*
|
|
* If the parent was retained, then retain this data
|
|
* node as well.
|
|
*/
|
|
|
|
mxmlRetain(node);
|
|
}
|
|
}
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
The resulting skeleton document tree can then be searched just like one loaded
|
|
using the `mxmlLoad` functions. For example, a filter that reads an XHTML
|
|
document from stdin and then shows the title and headings in the document would
|
|
look like:
|
|
|
|
mxml_node_t *doc, *title, *body, *heading;
|
|
|
|
doc = mxmlSAXLoadFd(NULL, 0, MXML_TEXT_CALLBACK, sax_cb,
|
|
NULL);
|
|
|
|
title = mxmlFindElement(doc, doc, "title", NULL, NULL,
|
|
MXML_DESCEND);
|
|
|
|
if (title)
|
|
print_children(title);
|
|
|
|
body = mxmlFindElement(doc, doc, "body", NULL, NULL,
|
|
MXML_DESCEND);
|
|
|
|
if (body)
|
|
{
|
|
for (heading = mxmlGetFirstChild(body);
|
|
heading;
|
|
heading = mxmlGetNextSibling(heading))
|
|
print_children(heading);
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
The `print_children` function is:
|
|
|
|
void
|
|
print_children(mxml_node_t *parent)
|
|
{
|
|
mxml_node_t *node;
|
|
const char *text;
|
|
int whitespace;
|
|
|
|
for (node = mxmlGetFirstChild(parent);
|
|
node != NULL;
|
|
node = mxmlGetNextSibling(node))
|
|
{
|
|
text = mxmlGettext(node, &whitespace);
|
|
|
|
if (whitespace)
|
|
putchar(' ');
|
|
|
|
fputs(text, stdout);
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
putchar('\n');
|
|
}
|
|
|