* Added elementary OS support

* Updated README.md

* Added pretty name for elementary OS

2021-10-19 12:04:16 +01:00

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Quickemu

Quickly create and run optimised Windows, macOS and Linux desktop virtual machines.

Made with 💝 for

Introduction

Quickly create and run highly optimised desktop virtual machines for Linux, macOS and Windows; with just two commands. You decide what operating system you want to run and Quickemu will figure out the best way to do it for you. For example:

quickget ubuntu-mate impish
quickemu --vm ubuntu-mate-impish.conf

The original objective of the project was to enable quick testing of Linux distributions where the virtual machine configurations can be stored anywhere, such as external USB storage or your home directory, and no elevated permissions are required to run the virtual machines. Quickemu now also includes comprehensive support for macOS and Windows.

Features

macOS High Sierra, Mojave, Catalina and Big Sur
Windows 8.1, 10 and 11 including TPM 2.0
Ubuntu and all the official Ubuntu flavours
elementary OS (only with SPICE)
Fedora & openSUSE (Leap, Tumbleweed,MicroOS)
Linux Mint (Cinnamon, MATE, and XFCE)
Pop!_OS (only with SPICE)
Full SPICE support including host/guest clipboard sharing
VirtIO-webdavd file sharing for Linux and Windows guests
VirtIO-9p file sharing for Linux and macOS guests
Samba file sharing for Linux, macOS and Windows guests (if smbd is installed on the host)
VirGL acceleration
USB device pass-through
Smartcard pass-through
Automatic SSH port forwarding to guests
Network port forwarding
Full duplex audio
EFI and Legacy BIOS booting
Graphical user interfaces available

Quickemu is a wrapper for the excellent QEMU that attempts to automatically "do the right thing", rather than expose exhaustive configuration options.

We have a Discord for this project:

See this (old) video where I explain some of my motivations for creating Quickemu.

Requirements

Install Quickemu

Ubuntu

Quickemu is available from a PPA for Ubuntu users. The Quickemu PPA also includes a back port of QEMU 6.0.0 for 20.04 (Focal) and 21.04 (Hirsute).

sudo apt-add-repository ppa:flexiondotorg/quickemu
sudo apt install quickemu

Other Linux

git clone --depth=1 https://github.com/wimpysworld/quickemu
cd quickemu

Usage

Graphical User Interfaces

While quickemu and quickget are designed for the terminal, graphical user interfaces are also available:

Quickemu GUI by Mark Johnson
Quickgui by Yannick Mauray

Ubuntu Guest

quickget will automatically download an Ubuntu release and also create the virtual machine configuration.

quickget ubuntu focal
quickemu --vm ubuntu-focal.conf

Complete the installation as normal.
Post-install:
- Install the SPICE agent (spice-vdagent) to enable copy/paste and USB redirection
  - sudo apt install spice-vdagent
- Install the SPICE WebDAV agent (spice-webdavd) to enable file sharing.
  - sudo apt install spice-webdavd

Ubuntu devel (daily-live) images

quickget can also download/refresh devel images via zsync for Ubuntu developers and testers.

quickget ubuntu devel
quickemu --vm ubuntu-devel.conf

You can run quickget ubuntu devel to refresh your daily development image as often as you like, it will even automatically switch to a new series.

Ubuntu Flavours

All the official Ubuntu flavours are supported, just replace ubuntu with your preferred flavour.

kubuntu
lubuntu
ubuntu-budgie
ubuntu-kylin
ubuntu-mate
ubuntu-studio
xubuntu

Linux Guest

Download a .iso image of a Linux distribution
Create a VM configuration file; for example debian-bullseye.conf

guest_os="linux"
disk_img="debian-bullseye/disk.qcow2"
iso="debian-bullseye/firmware-11.0.0-amd64-DVD-1.iso"

Use quickemu to start the virtual machine:

quickemu --vm debian-bullseye.conf

Complete the installation as normal.
Post-install:
- Install the SPICE agent (spice-vdagent) to enable copy/paste and USB redirection.
- Install the SPICE WebDAV agent (spice-webdavd) to enable file sharing.

macOS Guest

quickget automatically downloads a macOS recovery image and creates a virtual machine configuration.

quickget macos catalina
quickemu --vm macos-catalina.conf

macOS high-sierra, mojave, catalina and big-sur are supported.

Use cursor keys and enter key to select the macOS Base System
From macOS Utilities
- Click Disk Utility and Continue
  - On macOS Catalina and Big Sur
    - Select Apple Inc. VirtIO Block Media from the list and click Erase.
  - On macOS Mojave and High Sierra
    - Select QEMU HARDDISK Media (~68.72GB) from the list and click Erase.
- Enter a Name: for the disk and click Erase.
- Click Done.
- Close Disk Utility
From macOS Utilities
- Click Reinstall macOS and Continue
Complete the installation as you normally would.
- On the first reboot use cursor keys and enter key to select macOS Installer
- On the subsequent reboots use cursor keys and enter key to select the disk you named

The default macOS configuration looks like this:

guest_os="macos"
img="macos-catalina/RecoveryImage.img"
disk_img="macos-catalina/disk.qcow2"
macos_release="catalina"

guest_os="macos" instructs Quickemu to optimise for macOS.
macos_release="catalina" instructs Quickemu to optimise for a particular macOS release.
- For example VirtIO Network and Memory Ballooning are available in Big Sur, but not previous releases.
- And VirtIO Block Media (disks) are supported/stable in Catalina and newer.

macOS compatibility

There are some considerations when running macOS via Quickemu.

quickemu will automatically download the required OpenCore bootloader and OVMF firmware from OSX-KVM.
Supported macOS releases:
- High Sierra
- Mojave
- Catalina (Recommended)
- Big Sur
Optimised by default
- Host CPU vendor is detected and guest CPU is optimised accordingly.
- VirtIO Block Media is used for the system disk where supported.
- VirtIO usb-tablet is used for the mouse.
- VirtIO Network (virtio-net) is supported and enabled on macOS Big Sur but previous releases use vmxnet3.
- VirtIO Memory Ballooning is supported and enabled on macOS Big Sur but disabled for other support macOS releases.
USB host pass-through is:
- UHCI (USB 2.0) on macOS Catalina and earlier.
- XHCI (USB 3.0) on macOS Big Sur.
Display resolution can only be changed via macOS System Preferences.
Full Duplex audio works on macOS High Sierra, Mojave and Catalina.
- macOS Big Sur has no audio at all.
File sharing between guest and host is available via virtio-9p.
SPICE has limited support on macOS:
- Copy/paste via SPICE agent is not available.
- File sharing via SPICE webdavd is not available.
- USB pass-through via SPICE is not available.
- Smartcard pass-through is not available.

Windows 8.1, 10 & 11 Guests

quickget can automatically download Windows 8.1, Windows 10 and Windows 11 along with the VirtIO drivers for Windows and creates a virtual machine configuration.

During the Windows install network interfaces are completely disabled! This is to allow those users who want to create local accounts to do so. A side affect is that the first time Windows boots with the QEMU network enabled it will blue screen, automatically restart and then start normally with fully functioning networking.

quickget windows 11
quickemu --vm windows-11.conf

Complete the installation as you normally would.
All relevant drivers and services should be installed automatically.

Regional versions

By default quickget will download the "English International" release, but you can optionally specify one of the supported languages: For example:

quickget windows 11 "Chinese (Traditional)"

The default Windows 11 configuration looks like this:

guest_os="windows"
disk_img="windows-11/disk.qcow2"
iso="windows-11/Win11_EnglishInternational_x64.iso"
fixed_iso="windows-11/virtio-win.iso"
tpm="on"

guest_os="windows" instructs quickemu to optimise for Windows.
fixed_iso= specifies the ISO image that provides VirtIO drivers.
tpm="on" instructs quickemu to create a software emulated TPM device using swtpm.

elementary OS Guest

quickemu supports elementary OS, but only installs using SPICE.

quickget elementary 6_0
quickemu --vm elemenrary-6_0.conf --display spice

FreeBSD Guest

quickemu supports FreeBSD production releases. FreeBSD support is maintained by <kai@potabi.com>.

quickget freebsd 13_0
quickemu --vm freebsd-13_0.conf

Fedora Guest

quickemu supports Fedora releases.

quickget fedora 34
quickemu --vm fedora-34.conf

linuxmint Guest

quickemu supports linuxmint releases.

quickget linuxmint mate-20_2
quickemu --vm linuxmint-mate-20.2.conf

openSUSE Guest

quickemu supports openSUSE Leap, Tumbleweed and MicroOS.

For the installation to complete properly, on the "Installation Settings" screen, you need to disable the "Update NVRAM" option.

On that same screen, you may also want to enable SSH, and open the SSH port.

quickget opensuse 15_3
quickemu --vm opensuse-15_3.conf

quickget opensuse tumbleweed
quickemu --vm opensuse-tumbleweed

quickget opensuse microos
quickemu --vm opensuse-microos

Pop!_OS Guest

quickemu supports Pop!_OS 21.04, but only installs with SPICE.

quickget popos 21_04
quickemu --vm popos-21_04.conf --display spice

SPICE

The following features are available while using the SPICE protocol:

Copy/paste between the guest and host
Host file sharing to the guest
USB device redirection

To use SPICE add --display spice to the Quickemu invocation, this requires that the spicy client is installed, available from the spice-client-gtk package in Debian/Ubuntu.

quickemu --vm ubuntu-focal.conf --display spice

BIOS and EFI

Since Quickemu 2.1.0 efi is the default boot option. If you want to override this behaviour then add the following line to you VM configuration to enable legacy BIOS.

boot="legacy" - Enable Legacy BIOS boot

Tuning CPU cores, RAM & disks

By default, Quickemu will calculate the number of CPUs cores and RAM to allocate to a VM based on the specifications of your host computer. You can override this default behaviour and tune the VM configuration to your liking.

Add additional lines to your virtual machine configuration:

cpu_cores="4" - Specify the number of CPU cores allocated to the VM
ram="4G" - Specify the amount of RAM to allocate to the VM
disk_size="16G" - Specify the size of the virtual disk allocated to the VM

Disk preallocation

Preallocation mode (allowed values: off (default), metadata, falloc, full). An image with preallocated metadata is initially larger but can improve performance when the image needs to grow.

Specify what disk preallocation should be used, if any, when creating the system disk image by adding a line like this to your VM configuration.

preallocation="metadata"

CD-ROM disks

If you want to expose an ISO image from the host to guest add the following line to the VM configuration:

fixed_iso="/path/to/image.iso"

Floppy disks

If you're like Alan Pope you'll probably want to mount a floppy disk image in the guest. To do so add the following line to the VM configuration:

floppy="/path/to/floppy.img"

All File Sharing options will only expose ~/Public (or localised variations) for the current user to the guest VMs.

Samba 🐧 🍏 🪟

If smbd is available on the host, Quickemu will automatically enable the built-in QEMU support for exposing a Samba share from the host to the guest.

You can install the minimal Samba components on Ubuntu using:

sudo apt install --no-install-recommends samba

SPICE WebDAV 🐧 🪟

VirtIO-9P 🐧 🍏

Network port forwarding

Add an additional line to your virtual machine configuration. For example:

port_forwards=("8123:8123" "8888:80")

In the example above:

Port 8123 on the host is forwarded to port 8123 on the guest.
Port 8888 on the host is forwarded to port 80 on the guest.

USB redirection

Quickemu supports USB redirection via SPICE pass-through and host pass-through.

SPICE redirection (recommended)

Using SPICE for USB pass-through is easiest as it doesn't require any elevated permission, start Quickemu with --display spice and then select Input -> Select USB Device for redirection from the menu to choose which device(s) you want to attach to the guest.

Host redirection

USB host redirection is not recommended, it is provided purely for backwards compatibility to older versions of Quickemu. Using SPICE is preferred, see above.

Add an additional line to your virtual machine configuration. For example:

usb_devices=("046d:082d" "046d:085e")

In the example above:

The USB device with vendor_id 046d and product_id 082d will be exposed to the guest.
The USB device with vendor_id 046d and product_id 085e will be exposed to the guest.

If the USB devices are not writable, quickemu will display the appropriate commands to modify the USB device(s) access permissions, like this:

 - USB:      Host pass-through requested:
              - Sennheiser Communications EPOS GTW 270 on bus 001 device 005 needs permission changes:
                sudo chown -v root:user /dev/bus/usb/001/005
                ERROR! USB permission changes are required 👆

TPM

Since Quickemu 2.2.0 a software emulated TPM device can be added to guest virtual machines. Just add tpm="on" to your VM configuration. quickget will automatically add this line to Windows 11 virtual machines.

All the options

Here are the usage instructions:

Usage
  quickemu --vm ubuntu.conf

You can also pass optional parameters
  --delete                : Delete the disk image.
  --display               : Select display backend. 'sdl' (default), 'gtk' or 'spice'
  --shortcut              : Create a desktop shortcut
  --snapshot apply <tag>  : Apply/restore a snapshot.
  --snapshot create <tag> : Create a snapshot.
  --snapshot delete <tag> : Delete a snapshot.
  --snapshot info         : Show disk/snapshot info.
  --status-quo            : Do not commit any changes to disk/snapshot.
  --fullscreen            : Starts VM in full screen mode (Ctl+Alt+f to exit)"
  --screen <screen>       : Use specified screen to determine the window size.

Desktop shortcuts

Desktop shortcuts can be created for a VM, the shortcuts are saved in ~/.local/share/applications. Here is an example of how to create a shortcut.

quickemu --vm ubuntu-focal-desktop.conf --shortcut

Screen and window size (Linux guests only)

qemu will always default to the primary monitor to display the VM's window.

Without the --screen option, quickemu will look for the size of the smallest monitor, and use a size that fits on said monitor.

The --screen option forces quickemu to use the size of the given monitor to compute the size of the window. It won't use that monitor to display the VM's window if it's not the primary monitor. This is useful if the primary monitor if not the smallest one, and if the VM's window doesn't need to be moved around.

The --screen option is also useful with the --fullscreen option, again because qemu will always use the primary monitor. In order for the fullscreen mode to work properly, the resolution of the VM's window must match the resolution of the screen.

To know which screen to use, type:

xrandr --listmonitors | grep -v Monitors

The command will output something like this:

 0: +*HDMI-0 2560/597x1440/336+1920+0  HDMI-0
 1: +DVI-D-0 1920/527x1080/296+0+0  DVI-D-0

The first number is what needs to be passed to the --screen option.

For example:

quickemu --vm vm.conf --screen 0

The above uses the 2560x1440 screen to compute the size of the window, which Quickemu sizes to 2048x1152. Without the --screen option, Quickemu would have used the 1920x1080 monitor which results in a window size of 1664x936.

References

Useful reference that assisted the development of Quickemu.

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